https://www.theprogenitors.com Researched history articles placed in strict chronological order, from the earliest BC records to the modern era. en Sat, 19 Sep 2026 11:03:03 GMT https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/ae0a90ed-ce91-47cb-852a-5cd411e14764 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/ae0a90ed-ce91-47cb-852a-5cd411e14764 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1478 AD] From 1478 converted Jews in Spain lived under permanent investigation. Inquisition Conversos Sephardim Spain https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/7e28ef96-4362-42c9-b574-777ec3daf230 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/7e28ef96-4362-42c9-b574-777ec3daf230 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1507 AD] A Black musician appears twice in the Westminster Tournament Roll and in the royal pay records. Tudor England Music Black Tudors United Kingdom https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/42c63a58-d57c-4526-b96d-48086459f18b https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/42c63a58-d57c-4526-b96d-48086459f18b Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1591 AD] The imperial court on the Vltava drew people, animals and objects from across the world. Prague Rudolf II Habsburg Bohemia Czech Republic https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/93399364-67cf-4c86-8ad4-c21661e43b1d https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/93399364-67cf-4c86-8ad4-c21661e43b1d Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1240 AD] Around 1240 a German cathedral gave its patron saint an unmistakably African face. St Maurice Magdeburg Art Germany https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/3837f702-f082-4c64-b00d-ca3cc6b1a223 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/3837f702-f082-4c64-b00d-ca3cc6b1a223 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1086 AD] A Saharan Berber movement took control of Muslim Iberia after 1086. Almoravids Berber Sahara Gold Spain https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/65dfb4dd-5849-405b-b87a-4ffcea9398e5 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/65dfb4dd-5849-405b-b87a-4ffcea9398e5 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [732 AD] Andalusi forces campaigned north of the Pyrenees and left place names and settlements behind. Moors France Al-Andalus France https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/af2d4e97-19c8-437b-9b71-8ca845836081 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/af2d4e97-19c8-437b-9b71-8ca845836081 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [400 AD] Africa fed Rome, and the shipping lanes carried people as well as cargo. Rome Iberia Trade Spain https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/6dc5646b-140a-48c8-be30-9220be4ff8fd https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/6dc5646b-140a-48c8-be30-9220be4ff8fd Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [46 BC] The North African kingdoms of Juba and Massinissa become part of Rome, and their people part of Europe. Rome Numidia Empire North Africa https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/968dc8e6-fc78-4607-b99c-46acecb12fbe https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/968dc8e6-fc78-4607-b99c-46acecb12fbe Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [500 BC] The earliest surviving Greek accounts place melanated peoples at the centre of the known world, not at its edge. Ancient Greece Mediterranean Greece https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/f5fda23c-fd9d-4818-8fae-feec26140227 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/f5fda23c-fd9d-4818-8fae-feec26140227 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1609 AD] Between 1609 and 1614 Spain deported around 300,000 of its own people to North Africa. Moriscos Expulsion Migration Spain https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/6bcbdf79-4eda-47d7-8305-0fdacc34c2c2 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/6bcbdf79-4eda-47d7-8305-0fdacc34c2c2 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1354 AD] The Bohemian king gathered relics of the African soldier-saint for St Vitus Cathedral. Prague St Maurice Charles IV Bohemia Czech Republic https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/9956a622-54d6-48ee-b6a7-c2ee10368e1f https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/9956a622-54d6-48ee-b6a7-c2ee10368e1f Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [193 AD] A man from Leptis Magna in today's Libya took the Roman throne in 193 AD. Rome Libya Severans Italy https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/4cca7abc-0fad-4c07-ae73-b214d29a3b18 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/4cca7abc-0fad-4c07-ae73-b214d29a3b18 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1147 AD] From 1147 Marrakesh again ruled Seville, Córdoba and much of Iberia. Almohads Seville Architecture Spain https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/cbc86a99-95cd-4811-922a-24f84ccd1e0f https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/cbc86a99-95cd-4811-922a-24f84ccd1e0f Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1085 AD] After 1085, Arabic manuscripts in Toledo were turned into Latin for the rest of Europe. Toledo Translation Science Sephardim Spain https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/85b5f402-bdb6-4e6e-b229-c7e7288f5ed1 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/85b5f402-bdb6-4e6e-b229-c7e7288f5ed1 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1250 AD] Crowned African heads appear on Central European arms, including in the Czech lands. Bohemia Heraldry Moors Prague Czech Republic https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/9518ea64-9abd-43c2-9daa-b0edd1f1f12f https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/9518ea64-9abd-43c2-9daa-b0edd1f1f12f Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1013 AD] Civil war in 1013 pushed Jewish families out of Córdoba and across Iberia. Sephardim Granada Al-Andalus Spain https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/6674f334-3d5b-458e-aa1d-1a21411b8601 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/6674f334-3d5b-458e-aa1d-1a21411b8601 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1453 AD] After 1453 Istanbul and the Balkan cities invited Jewish settlement. Sephardim Ottoman Balkans Turkey https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/91de8eae-0788-4805-8cc3-24e12dd621ad https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/91de8eae-0788-4805-8cc3-24e12dd621ad Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1650 AD] Velázquez's assistant of African descent became a master in his own right. Painting Velázquez Madrid Spain https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/2cf5e15e-1467-4fd9-a4b7-4954d9f30225 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/2cf5e15e-1467-4fd9-a4b7-4954d9f30225 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1729 AD] In 1729 a Ghanaian-born scholar defended a dissertation at a German university. Amo Philosophy Enlightenment Ghana Germany https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/0fe53005-a210-4081-bcb0-890a4b0b6782 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/0fe53005-a210-4081-bcb0-890a4b0b6782 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [929 AD] In 929 Abd al-Rahman III declared himself caliph, and Al-Andalus reached its height. Moors Córdoba Caliphate Spain https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/c2ff65ad-e9bd-41b4-82b1-ee6ebaee972f https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/c2ff65ad-e9bd-41b4-82b1-ee6ebaee972f Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1742 AD] A Ghanaian graduate of Leiden became the first African ordained in the Dutch church. Leiden Capitein Ghana Religion Netherlands https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/4a465e8e-ef19-4f9c-93c8-e158ac46d7cb https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/4a465e8e-ef19-4f9c-93c8-e158ac46d7cb Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [827 AD] From 827 the island was governed from Ifriqiya, in today's Tunisia, for over two centuries. Sicily Ifriqiya Moors Agriculture Italy https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/3b059414-39df-4279-922a-511331bcee8a https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/3b059414-39df-4279-922a-511331bcee8a Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [756 AD] Abd al-Rahman I founds an independent emirate and builds the Great Mosque. Moors Córdoba Al-Andalus Spain https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/5cedb955-93b8-464b-87eb-b9a3ed90c480 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/5cedb955-93b8-464b-87eb-b9a3ed90c480 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1350 AD] A Sephardic masterpiece made in Iberia would end up in the Balkans. Sephardim Manuscripts Bosnia Catalonia Spain https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/5e05b560-8ab6-4e82-905e-8aba09a04eab https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/5e05b560-8ab6-4e82-905e-8aba09a04eab Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1799 AD] Russia's national poet wrote openly about his African ancestry. Pushkin Russia Literature Gannibal Russia https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/1c862b4a-e772-4477-a2db-f1626641194f https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/1c862b4a-e772-4477-a2db-f1626641194f Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1521 AD] In 1521 Albrecht Dürer made a careful portrait of an African woman in Antwerp. Dürer Antwerp Portrait Renaissance Belgium https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/e41260d6-be83-4062-8e46-3f4ee6f8d2f1 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/e41260d6-be83-4062-8e46-3f4ee6f8d2f1 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1650 AD] A free African quarter grew beside the Jewish quarter of the Dutch capital. Amsterdam Rembrandt Sephardim Netherlands https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/3c49b9bf-e25d-4304-a344-d3d5cd997c45 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/3c49b9bf-e25d-4304-a344-d3d5cd997c45 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [218 BC] Carthage sent Numidian and Libyan horsemen deep into Italy, and they stayed for sixteen years. Carthage Numidia War Italy Italy https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/cf771c5d-c19f-4a86-a14c-51cac28fdf9b https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/cf771c5d-c19f-4a86-a14c-51cac28fdf9b Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [711 AD] In 711 an army led by a Berber commander crossed into Iberia and changed Europe for 780 years. Moors Al-Andalus Berber Conquest Spain https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/d309bd44-3f47-46c9-870b-aab47247b34b https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/d309bd44-3f47-46c9-870b-aab47247b34b Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [208 AD] Severus campaigned in Britain with his household and died at Eboracum in 211 AD. Rome Britain York Severans United Kingdom https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/5b2a4a3d-7bc2-41f1-a2e7-ec799f99d127 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/5b2a4a3d-7bc2-41f1-a2e7-ec799f99d127 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [287 AD] The soldier-saint from Upper Egypt becomes one of Europe's most widely honoured figures. Egypt St Maurice Christianity Alps Switzerland https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/6d0890d6-06af-4bcd-9403-825efc4edf52 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/6d0890d6-06af-4bcd-9403-825efc4edf52 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1868 AD] In 1868 Prague built a Moorish-style synagogue in the heart of the Jewish Town. Prague Sephardim Architecture Moorish Revival Czech Republic https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/c1800f5d-2696-4a2e-bffd-e935bb5fae18 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/c1800f5d-2696-4a2e-bffd-e935bb5fae18 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1444 AD] In 1444 Portugal began selling captured Africans at Lagos, starting an institution with a beginning and an end. Portugal Lisbon European institutions Portugal https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/e91c0043-66a7-43b6-8275-9e030fd15e25 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/e91c0043-66a7-43b6-8275-9e030fd15e25 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1391 AD] The violence of 1391 forced mass conversions and built a new suspect class in Iberia. Sephardim Conversos Persecution Spain https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/f6506002-a8a6-4fa0-8cc8-792fec06fef5 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/f6506002-a8a6-4fa0-8cc8-792fec06fef5 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1492 AD] On 2 January 1492 the last Muslim state in western Europe surrendered. Granada Moors Alhambra Nasrid Spain https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/53c80701-956c-4695-bf91-c7b060932acc https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/53c80701-956c-4695-bf91-c7b060932acc Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [961 AD] The caliph's library at Córdoba was said to hold hundreds of thousands of volumes. Córdoba Libraries Science Spain https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/ef9d7a5e-c0b7-4f58-9bcb-6ab972a0cb30 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/ef9d7a5e-c0b7-4f58-9bcb-6ab972a0cb30 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1160 AD] The Córdoban jurist known as Averroes reshaped Christian philosophy. Ibn Rushd Philosophy Córdoba Spain https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/a8c4143b-bcdb-488f-bfc4-27180ed49b11 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/a8c4143b-bcdb-488f-bfc4-27180ed49b11 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1140 AD] Norman kings of Sicily kept African and Arab administrators, artists and scholars. Sicily Palermo al-Idrisi Normans Italy https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/93c64e9e-354e-4b31-b058-e301cff39c13 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/93c64e9e-354e-4b31-b058-e301cff39c13 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1492 AD] In March 1492 Spain ordered its Jews to convert or leave within four months. Sephardim Expulsion Migration Ladino Spain https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/66aef507-50b4-4df2-b405-a97e2665f774 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/66aef507-50b4-4df2-b405-a97e2665f774 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1493 AD] Refugees from Iberia made the Aegean port a Ladino-speaking metropolis. Sephardim Salonica Ladino Balkans Greece https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/1b5d30ab-0d5d-474e-a800-7932cfdd0767 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/1b5d30ab-0d5d-474e-a800-7932cfdd0767 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1500 AD] Iberian exiles appear in the records of the Bohemian capital. Prague Sephardim Bohemia Trade Czech Republic https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/daf7914b-9c3f-4fb2-9c13-aa77ede98c5e https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/daf7914b-9c3f-4fb2-9c13-aa77ede98c5e Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1548 AD] In 1548 a West African salvage diver gave evidence in an English court. England Diving Mary Rose Law United Kingdom https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/3f78a0fc-cd7b-4264-b720-4290181d26ab https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/3f78a0fc-cd7b-4264-b720-4290181d26ab Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1580 AD] Spain's converted Muslim population was regulated in dress, language and bathing. Moriscos Spain Persecution Spain https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/30a4ec72-dd74-4557-ac83-35e9c1c921cc https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/30a4ec72-dd74-4557-ac83-35e9c1c921cc Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1753 AD] A Habsburg courtier, freemason and friend of Mozart's circle. Vienna Soliman Habsburg Freemasonry Austria https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/0c4fd8ac-cc6f-4dde-af75-f1183b852803 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/0c4fd8ac-cc6f-4dde-af75-f1183b852803 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1704 AD] An African boy brought to Peter the Great's court became a general and engineer. Russia Gannibal Engineering Russia https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/d032f368-0bd1-410a-92ae-0d7352cb0469 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/d032f368-0bd1-410a-92ae-0d7352cb0469 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [253 AD] A unit of North African soldiers was garrisoned at Burgh by Sands in Cumbria. Rome Britain Moors Hadrian's Wall United Kingdom https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/40d5e8f1-5cd2-4837-b50f-9a8196d41d20 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/40d5e8f1-5cd2-4837-b50f-9a8196d41d20 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1760 AD] Adolf Ludvig Gustav Fredrik Albert Badin kept a diary inside the Swedish royal family. Sweden Badin Court Sweden https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/a9c1a717-2164-418d-a509-13e45b7505c9 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/a9c1a717-2164-418d-a509-13e45b7505c9 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1778 AD] The son of Peter the Great's African general built a city on the Dnieper. Ukraine Kherson Gannibal Russia Ukraine https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/758e149f-93d4-4434-b85a-8368a6492138 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/758e149f-93d4-4434-b85a-8368a6492138 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1550 AD] A Black scholar held a university chair in sixteenth-century Spain. Granada Scholarship Renaissance Spain https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/39130e95-b989-430d-a002-1a42aecc62c3 https://www.theprogenitors.com/post/39130e95-b989-430d-a002-1a42aecc62c3 Sat, 19 Sep 2026 10:40:23 GMT [1497 AD] In 1497 Portugal baptised its Jewish population by decree instead of expelling it. Portugal Sephardim Forced conversion Portugal